2017年6月15日下午2：00，由中央美术学院美术馆与“轻与重”文丛（华东师范大学出版社六点分社）共同主办的《轻与重》文丛读书工作坊活动在中央美术学院美术馆多功能会议室举办，来自各高校和科研机构的学者围绕“图像·技术·艺术”这一主题展开讨论。
▲活动现场
本次工作坊由中央美术学院美术馆学术部副主任蔡萌和上海交通大学欧洲文化高等研究院研究员姜丹丹策划，由中央美术学院美术馆学术部主任王春辰教授和上海交通大学欧洲文化高等研究院研究员姜丹丹共同主持。莅临本次工作坊的主讲嘉宾有中国社会科学院哲学所尚杰研究员、中国人民大学哲学院吴琼教授、加拿大康科迪亚大学文理学院段炼教授、中国传媒大学曹培鑫教授、北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院唐宏峰副教授、《艺术界／LEAP》杂志国际版编辑副总监贺婧和中央美术学院博士生黄积鑫。
▲姜丹丹（上海交通大学欧洲文化高等研究院研究员）
第一场讨论的内容是法国思想家德布雷的《图像的生与死》，由上海交通大学姜丹丹教授主持。姜丹丹教授首先介绍了《轻与重》文丛主要的关注点——思想性，在形式不拘泥于专著和论文的著作，主要收入一些以相对轻松的文笔涉及重大问题的西方著作，到六月份正好出版50种，所以举办读书工作坊作为纪念。而要讨论的书又和图像及艺术有关，在中央美术学院美术馆举办就适得其所。
德布雷通过追溯图像如何从无到有，把不在场化为在场，制造了一条神秘的通道，把人和神，生和死，不同的世界汇通起来。随着现代的摄影和电影产生，复制和再现的技术越来越发达，图像和视觉观察的主体与世界的关系，和整个文化史思想史的大脉络越来越紧密相关，人们应重新审视人和现实之间的关系。这方面的主题，也会关联到第二场讨论的克拉里的《观察者的技术》。因此两场的题目有很强的关联。
▲尚杰 （中国社会科学院哲学所研究员）
尚杰研究员认为语言和图像是两种表达方式，但二者之间紧密关联，并不能分开。德布雷的书谈图像却少不了语言，图像本身反而是缺席的，这就表明对图像的理解，仍然无法离开语言的理解和处理。可视的和可言说的之间有间距，不能混为一谈，更无法相互替代。德布雷的书上说跨学科的书，跨度很大，涉及的面向很多，但有两个维度似乎是德布雷所忽略的：一个是语言分析的维度，还有一个是从尼采到当代非理性哲学的维度，也就是对情感的突出的维度。
▲吴琼（中国人民大学哲学学院教授）
吴琼教授认为德布雷的书能给人们许多启发。德布雷谈图像的生与死，是有其内在的逻辑脉络的。当图像越来越泛滥，反而预示着图像之死，因此必须去关注图像因何而生。德布雷引入一个关于图像传播的角度。图像是因为人害怕死亡而诞生，因恐惧而产生。图像作为象征的丛林，艺术的阐释过程就容易变成对图像的象征性进行图解的一个过程。这种过程里有能指和所指的对应关系。图像作为封闭的系统，内部有结构性的层叠，德勒兹描述为褶层。图像阐释的过程，就变得更像考古学。吴琼教授用波提切拉的《春》做了一个图像阐释的讲解。最后他认为德布雷赋予图像一种非图像的、非艺术的使命，如迪迪-于贝尔曼讲过的“图像的暴动”。
▲段炼（加拿大康科迪亚大学文理学院教授）
段炼教授提出了图像和文本的悖论问题，确实讨论得很多，尤其是福柯十分典型。德布雷谈到图像的诞生，认为它诞生于丧葬，关于这点他并不同意。段炼教授分享了最近加拿大人类学家的一本新书《第一个图像》，书中颠覆了过去对图像的诞生的理解。艺术的诞生不能只看到再现的层面，还要关注到设计，而岩画里的几何线常常被忽略。那位人类学家关注的恰恰是过去被略而不谈的几何线。段炼教授认为艺术很可能是诞生于设计。
▲黄积鑫（中央美术学院博士生）
黄积鑫认为德布雷以书写、印刷、音像三种媒介来划分西方历史。在书写为主要媒介的时代，图像主要是偶像；印刷为主时则是艺术；音像为主时是视像。他三者并不是互相更替的关系，而是相继占据优势地位的，彼此交织。今天是视像时代，德布雷认为在政治上图像资源的占有和操纵成为重要的权力战略，而图像泛滥也造成了艺术的死亡。艺术仍要有力量，就必须去突破主导者的图像框架。
主持人姜丹丹教授对第一场四位嘉宾发言进行了总结，认为四位学者从不同角度来讨论德布雷的书，尤其是图像的生与死的问题，图像的阐释问题，以及艺术的处境等问题，生动丰富地阐释了此书读后的感受。这里面关联的其实是技术发展带来的转型和新主体的诞生之类的问题。而这和接下来讨论的克拉里的《观察者的技术》直接相关，克拉里描述的正是对这样的过程所进行的视觉媒介考古。
▲活动现场
第二场讨论克拉里的《观察者的技术》，由中央美术学院美术馆学术部主任王春辰教授主持。王春辰教授说道：“今天，我们看世界的技术越来越丰富，但这种转变勾连的不仅仅是视觉，还有思想，甚至社会制度。因此去关注这种转变的来龙去脉，以及前因后果，就无比重要。克拉里的书会成为很好的参照。”
▲王春辰（中央美术学院美术馆学术部主任、中央美术学院教授）
唐宏峰副教授认为现在有两类视觉文化研究，一类是从过去的文化研究角度谈视觉图像问题；一类是内在于艺术史和图像研究的传统，但又深化扩大，却仍以视觉性为中心的研究。克拉里属于后者，且是其中的经典著作。克拉里受福柯启发，进行的是视觉媒介考古，否定了通常认为的技术决定论，而是在暗箱和摄影之间看到了两种视觉模式及主体的断裂。暗箱在克拉里看来，紧密联系的是西方的思想史。在新的科学、哲学、技术等一系列新事件出现后，一种内化的视觉开始显现，新的观察者主体也随之诞生。她认为，我们也应该借鉴克拉里的研究，将克拉里的理论在地实践，去关注中国的视觉现代性及其主体问题。
▲唐宏峰（北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院副教授）
姜丹丹教授认为《观察者的技术》中所阐述的其实是处理哲学问题。观察者作为观看的主体，必然关联他与真实之间的关系，他将如何去再现。这本书的视角要呈现从传统到现代断裂当中的延续。技术影像的制作问题，包含从摄影到早期电影制作过程，会贯穿知识范式的转型、更迭和延续。受法国思想启发，关于视觉的问题会拉回到肉身、身体的视野和感觉的逻辑当中。他处理的问题是主体化问题，而这其中就隐藏着渗透了权力的部署和主体的主体化，对这个线索要进行反思和诊断。在艺术中有很多对此的回应，这不仅仅是视觉艺术的问题，也是哲学的再创造的问题。在主体作为剩余，在一个无余的时代当中，应思考如何重新回到元气淋漓的创造和生成。
▲曹培鑫（中国传媒大学教授）
曹培鑫教授展示的正是对中国视觉现代性及其主体问题的思考。他认为在中国20世纪30-40年代，通常大家认为现代性的经验就是大都市，如上海的生活，而画报和电影是主要的视觉媒介，这似乎又和消费紧密结合。但是其实仍然存在着另类现代性经验，如晋察冀边区共产党的《晋察冀画报》，它和都市消费无关，尽管仍然模仿都市画报，却是为政治宣传服务，为争取农村群众。这种经验是很奇特，也十分值得关注，这是另一种观察者。
▲贺婧（《艺术界／LEAP》杂志国际版编辑副总监以及《艺术界／LEAP》中法文特刊主编）
贺婧副主编认为克拉里讲述了19世纪前后不同光学、物理学的技术上的发展所对应的视觉机制的更新，但需要强调的是他始终反对科技决定论。书里所说的观察者是历史进程中知识和权力的一个聚焦点，一个交叉点。贺婧接着用几位当代艺术家的影像及摄影作品，来说明当代艺术对新的观察主体及视角的反思，他们用实践去应对新的视觉机制，以及背后折射的是现代社会管控系统。
最后，两位主持人姜丹丹教授和王春辰教授分别感谢各位嘉宾以及听众的到来，正是由于大家的热情参与、互动，此次工作坊进行得非常顺利，成为一次富有意义的阅读交流活动。
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
