李大衡:语境制造者 讲座回顾

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邱志杰:大家好,今天是我们EAST系列讲座的第七讲。这次非常荣幸,邀请到李大衡先生,他是韩国现代集团的全球艺术总监。我们知道现代是造汽车的,一家造汽车的企业为什么有艺术总监的职位,这是个足以吸引大家的话题。

 

现代汽车在艺术界做了非常多的事情,除了长期资助韩国当代美术馆,泰特现代美术馆的涡轮大厅的著名项目也常年由现代汽车资助。除此之外,现代汽车设有艺术实验室,他们在全球征集创新人才,开展为期6个月的科技、艺术、商务方面的课程培训。企业通过和艺术互相渗透,为自己建构了一套非常有活力的机制,我对此非常感兴趣,希望从李大衡先生这里了解到更多。

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实验艺术学院院长  

威尼斯双年展中国馆策展人

邱志杰

李大衡先生有丰富的策展经验。他是今年威尼斯双年展韩国馆的策展人,我是中国馆策展人,今年中国馆和韩国馆进行了非常友好的互相赞美,充分显示了我们东亚的紧密团结和长白山的高度。

李大衡先生在做韩国馆策展人之前已经有非常丰富的国际策展经验,他是如何成为现代汽车的艺术总监的,这里面有许多故事——策展人和创新发展机构的企业如何构建起关系来。他的标题语境制造者也是李大衡先生自己对策展这个行业多年经验积累下来的理解。

 

不久前现代汽车还在798启动了现代汽车文化中心,它不是一个品牌展示店,而是一个根正苗红的艺术空间。现代汽车文化中心启动的第一个项目现代汽车青年策展人奖,每年进行选拔,请国际策展人团队组成评委团。今年的获奖者李佳和李杰,不但被请到现代汽车企业参观美术馆,还被安排到了威尼斯进行官访,而且明年将在798艺术空间里实现他们的策展计划。这应该是非常少见的扶持青年策展人的计划,和李大衡扶持青年策展人的思路有密不可分的关系。

 

现在我把话筒给大衡。

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李大衡:大家好,我是韩国人李大衡,很高兴认识你们。因为今天在座的有各行各业、各个专业的同学和老师们,所以我今天的演讲分两个部分,第一个部分泛泛地聊和艺术、策展有关的话题,第二个部分专门讲威尼斯双年展。

 

第一个部分的核心词我们可以理解为语境或者脉络脉络,打个比方,今天我知道要在央美做演讲,所以特意穿了黑色的西服,黑色的裤子,我特意把袖子卷起来,我为了中央美术学院的演讲做了其他方面的努力,这个可以理解为语境或者脉络。

 

在我小学三年级也就是11岁的时候,我爷爷说我们一起打兔子吧。他问我需要什么工具,我说需要一把弓和一把箭。爷爷真的给我弄到了弓箭,然后我们认真地练习到山上去打兔子。很明显我空手而归,而我年老体衰的爷爷抓了两只兔子。爷爷说,知道为什么没有打到兔子吗,你先看一下兔子留下脚印。之后他又问我,兔子留下的脚印是过去的痕迹,还是通向未来的启示?。我说这怎么可能是未来的象征,这是兔子走过去留下的痕迹。爷爷说,你那样想,肯定打不到兔子,不管你以后从事什么职业,追兔子打兔子应该是你的工作,我比你慢,我比你迟缓,我之所以打到兔子是因为我读到了兔子行为的模式。这就是脉络或者是语境。

 

我再进一步描述一下什么语境:它是围绕着我们的时间空间、某种身份认同、某种期限,还有很多的可能性——人们会追随这个可能性,于是有了人的群体,群体要交流,交流就必须有媒介,即媒体。这个过程中需要技术去完善它。我们需要回顾过去,回顾我们的历史、我们的记忆。所以语境左右着我们的想法和行为。

 

我在这里做一个简单的调查。左边是维秘天使,右边也是天使,大家觉得左边是真天使的举手,认为B右边是天使的举手。

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邱志杰:两边都不是天使。


李大衡:绝大多数一般认为右边的是真天使,左边不是天使。为什么呢?在座的各位谁如果答对的话我有礼物送。


观众:左边没有飞起来。

观众:因为左边是一个人。


李大衡:很接近了。


观众:因为左边太相近了,和我们、很相似。


李大衡:第二位女士基本很接近了。


观众:左边翅膀是假的,右边是真的。

观众:左边是组装上去的,右边是神话。

观众:左边是T台,右边是天堂是神境。


李大衡:我公布答案吧,首先非常高兴大家这么积极踊跃地回答问题。很简单,左边是画,右边是照片,一个是照片一个是画。我们换位思考,左边是文艺复兴时期伦勃朗画出来的天使,右边是真人,用维亚吊出来的天使,你们认为哪个是天使?我们的大脑会被我们的语境和脉络左右,绝大多数情况下,我们的大脑认为我们看到的就是真实的。

 

但是我们通过媒体来判断真假,于是现在我们的关注点从内容慢慢转移到脉络了。

 

如何判断一个门把手做得好还是不好呢?我们需要一扇门,还需要一堵墙——要知道门和墙后面是洗手间还是卧室。我们要从门把手看到一扇门、一堵墙、一所房子、房子里住的老人,或者孩子,甚至是一座城市。我们可能是这个门把手的创造者、设计者,或者是它的推销人员,我们是各种各样的人,但是我们要看到大的整体。

但是很多人通常是,如果跟门把手有关,他便只关注门把手本身。天才的制造者会有非常丰富的想象力,即使只是要做门把手,他的想象的边界会达到一个城市那么大。

 

艺术到底有多强大的力量呢?大家搞艺术的应该明白,20世纪的艺术基本以语言为主,现在通过视觉语言解读艺术变得越来越重要了。艺术是文化权利吗?是少数有权有势的人的文化权利吗?这个很重要,但是还有更重要的。

 

在过去的100年中,人们思考艺术在哪里。1901年有一位叫雅各布斯的人获得了诺贝尔化学奖,有人问他,你为什么能获得诺贝尔奖,他说我之所以获得诺贝尔奖,是因为我在实验室以外的时间,要么画画,要么欣赏艺术。研究人员为了揭开一个谜,对过去100年里所有的诺贝尔奖获得者做了调查——你们的兴趣爱好是什么。绝大多数人的兴趣爱好居然是艺术。

 

93%的诺贝尔奖得主说自己的兴趣爱好是艺术。艺术属于感性的领域,诺贝尔奖则属于非常理性的领域,这就是两个极端。他们为什么有这样的兴趣爱好呢?研究大脑的人发现,创造和创新需要三个条件:第一是完全地投入,第二是完全地放空,什么都不想,第三是遇到新的隐喻或者象征,然后完全地放空,完全地沉浸其中。

这个我无法教大家,但是我作为策展人可以教大家怎么策展隐喻或者象征。我们说的隐喻A”其实指说的是B”。它的力量来自于哪里呢?AB的间距越大,它的力量就越强大。

 

简单讲应该是这样的:大家都生活在北京,突然间去了威尼斯喝咖啡,在这里想象的东西和在威尼斯夜空下喝咖啡时想的东西差距应该是非常大的。其实我们在策展时多都会用到这种方法:将两个像极的东西放到一起,让人们去解释去思考,比如把最传统的东西跟最现代的东西放到一起,或是把最概念型的东西和做得最精致的东西放到一起。这些都是创造新的象征或者是隐喻方法。这不仅影响到了我的大脑,还影响了我的心。

 

英国贫困地区的小学,招收的主要是难民的孩子们,他们生活在社会的最底层,在政治、经济、文化上非常缺乏自信。英国政府做过非常有趣的实验,他们用艺术不是教艺术”——把艺术当做工具,用艺术教数学、演讲和写作,这样进行了两年半实验以后获得了非常惊人的成绩——甚至达到过全国排名第三。我在现场看过他们学习的场景,感动得都要流泪了。学校通过这样的形式给孩子们自尊和自信,有了自尊和自信想象力就变大了。

 

哈佛也有一个非常好的传统,谁获得了诺贝尔奖,就要和晚辈后生一起吃饭。这种场合不仅是喝酒吃肉,成年人和小朋友是一样的,有这样的情境便会想到我以后也要拿到诺贝尔奖。

 

我们去法国一定要去巴黎,去巴黎一定要去卢浮宫,去卢浮宫一定要去看蒙娜丽莎。我和大家一样,去了以后站得太远没有看清楚,但是不管怎么样,小小的一张图,竟然会有这么多人去解释去关注——它包含了太多的故事。

 

我们生活在对一面巨大的镜子所呈现的幻影的凝视中。艺术家所做的事情是什么呢?普通人用大镜子看,艺术家到镜子跟前用锤子把镜子打碎,哪怕割破手,也要把几个镜片拿在手里,用不同视角观察这个世界。对于人的理解、对于艺术的理解,像我们头顶的灯一样,我们理解得越深,灯会五颜六色,会照的更亮。

 

在座的各位有没有人哪怕5分钟通过同一个窗口看外面?每天用5小时以上看着电脑、手机屏幕的举手。

 

其实绝大多数人都是一样的,通过电脑、手机屏幕去了解和观察这个世界。我们作为艺术家应该有不同的视角。我们看着同样的视窗,不知不觉地就关联在一起了,就趋同了。现在,你来自什么样的文化圈不重要,重要的是你在哪个兴趣群体,在什么样的群体。在那个群体里人变得都快差不多了,想法都一样了,都趋同了。所以我们作为策展人作为艺术家要打破镜子,虽然危险,但要做这样的事情。

我戴上帽子就是现代汽车的艺术总监,策展人为了做好一个策展需要去努力说服政府或者企业。我会跟他们讲艺术到底是什么。

 

图上这个人是18世纪法国启蒙思想家,有人送了他一件外衣,非常时尚、干练、优雅、有品位的衣服。因为是著名思想家,既然穿了这件衣服,那他所在的书房、他的书桌、他的椅子都应该是非常高档的。他穿这件衣服的时候、坐这把椅子的时候,想到我要换掉这把椅子——因为配不上这件衣服。这件衣服比这把椅子贵多了”——他这样想,就是因为文化的力量。

 

文化,是21世纪一个很重要的话题。我们用文化可以构建出这样的图(PPT),谁构建出来这样的图谁就是文化的创造者,其他的人只能在图里跟着走。我们通过镜头了解世界,世界也通过镜头了解我们。

 

2008年出了三聚氰氨奶粉事件,当时为了祝贺中韩建交我在北京策划了一个展览。庆功宴上一位中国的企业老总送了我一瓶白酒,拿到礼物的瞬间我产生一个想法,奶粉不能吃,白酒还能喝吗?因为三聚氰氨事件对我的冲击很大。接下来让我惊讶的是,在吃饭的一个半小时里,他没有提过一句关于喝酒的话。后来他说从清朝开始他爷爷就在保护文化遗产,之后是他父亲,做了许多搜集文化艺术品的工作,而他现在也在资助很多艺术家。我突然间感觉很惭愧,他是这样的人我居然怀疑他的酒。他对艺术有那么深刻的理解,是守卫着艺术的人,所以他不会为蝇头小利在吃的上面做手脚。我小心翼翼地将酒拿回韩国,在重要的节日和我爸喝了那瓶酒。文化和艺术就是有这样的力量。

谈论事情之前要有观点和视角。这是欧洲人眼中的世界地图,这是中国人和韩国人所熟悉的世界地图,视角不同我们看到的地图也是不一样的。这个世界是固定的,我们的信息也是固定的,视角不一样,得出的答案也不一样。

有这样一句话,信息的烟雾会驱赶知识。现在我们只要有网络,不管你在无人岛,还是在伦敦市中心,都有创作的状态和基础。绝大多数人仰望天空的时候会想星星很漂亮,但有些人看着星星在大海上航行,有些人则会编出一些神话故事来。信息不是去发现的,而是去连接的,这样才能成为提供者或者制造者。

如果大家困的话我再出一个题。1964年,加拿大的一位哲学家说灯泡是媒体。他说这句话之前我们所知道的媒体有文字,书籍、报纸等等,为什么马歇尔这位学者把灯泡说成媒体呢?谁知道答案?大家可以联想一下灯泡和互联网。


观众:信息的传播路径是由发射者到接受者,由编码到解码的过程。视线接受到传播的过程,是一个媒介,电灯泡作为人类视觉的延伸,所以被说成是媒介。


李大衡:直接告诉大家答案吧。这位学者说,因为有了灯泡,我们就可以把我们的想法和更多人交流,我们有了空间和时间是因为有了灯,也是因为有了灯所以我们可以用来交流的空间和时间扩大了。互联网也是,本身是一个空壳,没有视频、图片、文字的话就是一个空壳,什么都不是。

 

我觉得这个产生于1964年的句子,在当时就已经成为预言了。

应该存在着一个故事,这个故事会有一个方向,顺此方向会有一个形态,形态的边缘都是一个界限,这些边界创造出新的脉络,脉络又会产生出不同的身份认同,身份认同自从你与旁边的人交流开始就慢慢成为了文化,这种文化会创造出认知,甚至人去看它的时候会产生价值,价值会被共享被流动。

 企业以前是卖产品,后来是卖服务,现在企业卖的是品格、人品。我们与布隆伯格调查了最有魅力的品格是什么——是否有创意性、是否很细致、是否值得信赖、是否以人为本、是否年轻,兴趣是否独到、是够有品位、有智慧。这个就是当代,是现在美术的特征。大家所做的是非常有意义的事情。

为了形成这种品格我们需要认知,要有认知就一定需要别人的帮助,所以我们需要艺术。因此我们与艺术馆、博物馆合作,与艺术家合作,与策展人合作,我们给他们创造了条件。

我们与国立现代美术馆合作,给艺术家提供84万美金的资助。因为这么多钱不能分给很多人,所以资助了少数人以后有更多的人骂我们,你分成10分不就是能多给10个人吗?分成100份可以分给100个人!,这样的骂声我们早就料到了,我们决定就那样听着,要承受这样的骂声。我们企划这件事的时候不是以公司的立场企划的,而是以韩国美术界企划的。我们想韩国美术界应该有而没有的东西是什么,我们问自己,韩国难道没有伟大的策展人吗?难道没有伟大的艺术家吗?我们认为有。我们没有什么呢?比如说去古根海姆能够办个展,他们可以提供这样一个平台,韩国有吗,没有。我们2014年资助了一个人,他几年甚至几十年一直想着但是没有实现的愿望,通过资助实现了。我们资助他之前,媒体说他是亚洲最具有代表性的艺术家,我们资助他办了这个展以后媒体评论说他是世界性的装置艺术家。他创造出来的东西被很多双年展和美术馆收藏,邀请他去参展。

也就是说虽然骂声一片,我们最终还是给他们提供了更好的平台,虽然骂声一片,但是历史会记住我们的壮举。

这是一个墨西哥艺术家的作品,我们跟他们协商,把更多的机会给第三世界,说第三世界可能有点不妥,至少文化不是很强的亚洲或者其他国家,给他们更多的机会。我们与洛杉矶拉克玛共同运营着一个机构,共同研究韩国工作史。 

因为涉及到我们院长和我们的一些学生,所以有必要稍微说明一下我们的实验室。

我在这里学到了很多东西。简单地讲,我们跟艺术家说,你们几年内要完成一件作品,我们会给你策展。但是拉克玛策展人说不可能,给他们设定时间不一定是好的方法,我问他们为什么不好呢,他反问我说,你知道给他们一两年的时间,让他们在这段时间内造出东西来参展的副作用吗,你跟艺术家说时间节点的一瞬间,他们想象的东西就局限在一年或者两年了,我们的终极目标,或者说在这儿工作的艺术家的目标,是想得到2030年以后的那种想象力,不是一两年以后,哪怕他们失败了,这个失败本身就是一个非常优秀的产物、结果。那一瞬间我确实学到了很多东西。

 

我们去定义一个事物,画一个圆圈,本能会让我们站在中央受到聚光灯照射。我不清楚大家知不知道树中间是很硬的,边缘却是有水分营养流动的,很软,它负责边缘的生长。从哲学的角度来看,你站在A只能看到A,艺术家和策展人必须是B,因为站在边界的部分,站在那里能看到中心或者圆圈的外面。不变的真理——你画一个圈外面的面积永远大于里面的面积。

大家可能知道麦瑞,一位艺术家,他用了非常简单的技术呈现——人到特定的区域聚光灯会照那个人,不管怎么移动灯都会一直照着。刚开始人会很惊喜,之后越来越觉得是我的椅子倒了吗,会感觉不安,他会想逃离这个光圈。其实我们每天都会遇到同样的技术,我们每天走到走廊里声控灯会亮起来。同样是这个简单的技术,有人通过这个技术会获得奖项,有人一辈子就做玄关灯。我想说的重点是,艺术和技术结合的时候,技术永远不是最重要的,解释人的行为模式、去理解这样的行为模式,这个才是最重要的。

我觉得他的作品想要表达的是一个人想要通过竞争获得很多关注,在即将受到关注的时候反而要避开这种关注,这样的事情非常有反差,非常讽刺。 

这位躺在病床上的患者其实一位艺术家,他得了肌肉萎缩症,只有眼球可以动。他的同行们——来自全世界的艺术家们给他募集了一笔款项,做了一个用眼镜实现运动,只要转动眼球就可以写字画画的装置。让我们感动的不是这项技术或装置本身,他们把所用的材料和技术完全免费地在互联网上公开了,刚开始筹款做这项技术的时候花了一大笔钱,他们公开以后,得了同样的病的家属用50美金就可以实现这个功能。我觉得这就反应了艺术的价值。

扎哈拿到了建筑界的奥斯卡奖,人们视她为后现代主义建筑的代表人物。但是我觉得她在关爱人方面欠缺了点,关注点过于集中在抽象的哲学上。王澍是我个人非常喜欢的建筑家,我把他介绍到韩国的时候我会跟人们说,亚洲的国家创造一件事情的时候,要想到亚洲的现代主义是什么。

模式化是非常危险的,可以具体分为三点:产业化、城市化,西方化。我觉得中国和韩国一样,为了让更多的人住进去,我们建造了大房子,因为经济方面的考虑我们把旧的拆掉建新的。我觉得我们遗忘掉了某些东西,被现代主义的影子遮盖掉了一些东西。看这些瓦片大家就能知道,这是建筑师王澍用古代的瓦片重新建造的一座房子。

 


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王澍设计的建筑

威尼斯双年展有一个主场馆展览,还有一个国家馆的展览。每当威尼斯双年展主题发布的时候我脑子里总会想一个事情,傅科摆,法国的物理学家傅科发明的装置,来解释地球自转,摆动的时候不是像涌动装置那样只往左边摆,它摆动的角度一直会变。

 

Okwui Enwezor2015年威尼斯双年展的总策展人,他展出了一些非常令人感动的作品,但在表现手法上他显示出了一种局限性,简单地说那是故意性非常强的一个展。一个框里面不管是照片还是影像,其中的内容是最重要的,类似纪录片这样的片子会很多。所以在艺术的表现形式方面受到了批判,好像有一些形式没有突破。

如我刚才所说的傅科摆从一个极端摆到另一个极端。马塞尔是2017年的总策展人,比起故事他更注重作品本身的多样性,这样的特点更多的表现出来——不管是在国家馆还是在主场馆

 

主展叫做艺术万岁,我们想要把焦点集中在艺术本身的表现方面。外部世界太纷乱了,所以我很困惑苦恼,要把表现形式多样化呢,还是侧重于社会、政治、经济方面的东西,最终我选择了要侧重社会方面的东西。如同把一个巨大镜子打碎用镜片看不同的世界一样,我们的世界就像一个倾斜的运动场,不均衡。因为经济方面的原因引发英国脱欧,宗教、政治、意识形态的问题导致了恐怖主义,全世界的右倾主义——美国和日本倾向于右倾主义,自国优先主义。

 

我不想一味地批评,我的苦恼是我能不能提炼出一些正能量的东西,把不平衡的、倾斜的东西摆正。刚开始我的逻辑很简单:强国和弱国,有力量的和没有力量的。创作出一个非常好的脉络很重要,所以我从自然中找了一些和政治毫无关系的东西,石头和山的比喻,我的想法从这开始。我们上山拿了一块石头下来,那个等号的左边是小石头,右边是大山。山是巨大的东西,石头是微不足道的东西,虽然是从山上拿下来的。他们的体量不一样,但你去做科学分析的话,石头的成分和山的成分应该是一样的。

 

比起国家间哪个强哪个弱,我们的家庭里上一辈和下一辈这样的问题更重要。我们看到一张照片,祖孙三代的照片,他们每个人的历史观都不一样。我爷爷生活在日本帝国主义时代,他讨厌日本,但是他认为要学习日本,我爸爸认为美军拯救了他的生命,他对美国的文化很有好感。但是我无所谓。

 

左边微不足道的石头对应山,亚洲和韩国。

 

我想说的是艺术家,Lee Wan是儿子的角色,崔玄周(Cody Choi)是父亲的角色,我追寻爷爷的角色。艺术家Lee Wan在黄河洞这样一个地方,类似于咱们潘家园古玩市场,买了一个老部件,折合人民币300块,但是里面有1412张照片,有这个人从出生到死亡的所有历史的照片。我当时意识到,有可能我爷爷的一生,或者我们韩国近代历史以5万块韩币卖掉了。

 

崔玄周因为经济上的原因不得不离开韩国去了美国。他是东方人,在美国受到了排斥。他吃什么都噎着,他一直拿着这样的药。这是思考者,用药和厕纸一起做出来的。他跟美国的朋友说,上面是西方人所推崇的思考者。正在如厕的人崔玄周,他在箱子里做那样的动作——我如厕的姿势是不是像思考者呢?你们思考者很优雅,其实我如厕的时候每天都在思考,虽然我们发色不一样,但是我们拉着同样的屎。我们的父辈,他们想学西方,但是被西方看不起。

 The Thinker 

 Cody Choi

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我们凡是参加威尼斯双年展的策展人也好,艺术家也好,都有一个苦恼,谁参加了谁就要挨骂。

 

大家知道威尼斯双年展这么好的平台,是世界性的活动,谁都想参加,所以我经历了非常严酷的事情,比如有些已经答应好了要赞助的临时取消了。令我比较欣慰的是韩国最大的造纸厂给我们提供了数量庞大的纸。这么多纸我用来干吗呢,我要发行报刊,我要发行三种报刊。为什么参展的策展人和艺术家会被骂,因为有些人没有被提名,有些人的功劳被埋没了,他们会抱怨,会骂。所以三种报纸,我用一种报纸大大地宣传过去10年间对Lee Wan作为策展人或者艺术家的研究和宣传,我把研究者和艺术家全部罗列出来,用一种报刊把他们全部宣传出去。同样的道理第二种报纸,里面的内容是在过去2728年当中,一直研究崔玄周的策展人也好,艺术家也好,我也把他们全部宣传出去了。

 

三星赞助了我很多布。我用布做什么呢?我想出了10位韩国的设计师,让他们做一些东西,让他们有机会在威尼斯双年展展出自己作品。

 

所以我们的韩国馆不仅成为了宣传韩国策展人和韩国艺术家的平台,也成为了宣传整个韩国美术界和设计师的更大的平台,于是没有人骂我了,都给我们鼓掌。

 


 


the korean pavilion at the venice art biennale

因为挨骂挨多了,我就想威尼斯双年展到底在展什么东西,以至于让我挨这么多骂。其实被选为威尼斯双年展的策展人等于是在赌场中彩了,没有被选的是输钱的人,于是我把韩国馆设计成了一个赌场一个酒吧,人们进里面会跳舞。那个时候我们的韩国政局朴槿慧总统被弹劾,一般来说民众会选出来一个大家认为最聪明的人当企业或者国家的领导,但是我们选出来的所谓精英们,做出的事情却是每天对骂,每天损人利己。在酒吧赌场这样的场景里,我故意用肩膀和别人有接触,但我会跟对方说,不好意思,你叫什么名字?,我们会互相拥抱。我想讽刺的是什么——我们去酒吧去夜店会互相体谅,我们生活的现实不是这样的。

Made In

Lee Wan

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因为这个作品我选择了艺术家Lee Wan5年时间辗转了12个国家,做了一个早餐的餐桌和桌上面的东西。他这5年做了什么,他自己种了大米,收获大米,自己种了甘蔗,产出了糖,油也是自己榨。跟中国有关的是那双筷子,他来到了中国的庙,都是1000年以前的古庙。世界各国的人去那座庙,但并不是因为自己的信仰去的。在这座非常古老的文化遗迹前,人们拍完照走了,1000年的历史文化就成了背景,韩国、泰国都是这样的。所以Lee Wan在那座庙宇上做了一个台阶,用的是木质的老的东西,他用那个做成了筷子,千年古刹的台阶做出了非常便宜的一碗拉面的筷子,附带一起赠送的筷子。

 

这是我们所有人的问题。我跟Lee Wan问了1200个人,你一天用多长时间为你所爱的人做早饭。非洲贫穷地区的人花10个小时做不出一顿饭来。我们所有的人生下来是一样的,但是我们头顶上的表走的速度不一样。

 

韩国馆面积比较小,我们只是装了668个表,每个表象征一个人代表一个人,有名字、有国家、有生辰年月等等。为了造出来世界上走得最不准的668个表,我们与韩国理工大学的研究人员合作,他们告诉我说,我是科学家,我要准确,我们不能按照你的思路走。我跟他们说或许你们第一次设计的走得不准的表,正是走得最科学的,就是说每个人所花费的时间都是不一样的,这是对他们来说最科学的表。

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Proper Time

Lee Wan

刚开始我被选为威尼斯双年展韩国馆策展人的时候,我自己催眠自己,想象自己站在一个罗马圆形竞技场里,我是一个代表韩国的角斗士,因为这是文化的奥林匹克嘛。

 

这张信是什么呢?是我作为策展人的自我反省。不光是我们策展要展览什么,作品离开我们的时候就代表了国家,而且必须让观众感动。我用这封信和其他馆的一些艺术家说,我们募集一笔资金吧,威尼斯这座城市本身就是一件巨大的作品,我们有义务维护威尼斯的生态线。还记得我发行的那几份报纸吗,我赚了钱。威尼斯一直有被水淹没的巨大隐患,日本这个多灾多难的国家也是去威尼斯学技术的——探测水位涨高多少会淹没建筑物。这样的探测装置太老旧了,我打算用我们卖报纸的钱给他们捐助,我们已经在合同上签字了。

 

我们用新的视角观察世界,以此产生艺术。艺术的特权是我们创造出来的艺术品,不管哪个国家,不管男女老少,不管老弱病残,必须给人传达一种意义,艺术不可能改变世界,但可以实施一种影响力给那些可以改变世界的人。

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Artists (L-R) Cody Choi and Lee Wan with curator Daehyung Lee. Photo by Youngsoo Chang Courtesy of Wolganmisool.

 

我们三个,一个策展人两个艺术家,我们有多难,开记者招待会的时候我们三个男的都哭了,他们说韩国来了三个哭鼻子的男人。我觉得,我们把一种行为转变为一种运动的时候,策展人的义务就已经做到了。威尼斯双年展的总负责人跟我说,自有了威尼斯双年展以来,不是为了自己的国家而是为了威尼斯双年展作出贡献的,目前为止仅仅是你们。

 

照片里的我们三个人,属于不同年龄层。历史不可能让一个人撰写,要共同去撰写,所以我们要开发能够一起工作共同完成的项目。现在我们需要的不是天才,我们需要的是集体智慧,谢谢大家。

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邱志杰:感谢李大衡精彩的讲座,我听得非常感动,同学们有没有问题要问。


李大衡:其实我演讲最高潮的部分通常在问答环节。你个人的非常微小的问题也是每个人都在想的问题,所以勇敢地提出来,我跟我的学生说过,你连提问的勇气都没有,就别当策展人了。


邱志杰:我先来提一个问题。中国的企业也热衷于搞艺术,他们通常是地产商,目的常是为了从地方政府那里要到地,因为地方政府都想做文创园区。我注意到韩国的这些企业,除了现代、三星会赞助很多资源之外,特别是像现代这样的企业能和艺术这么深入地融合。我想知道,是从什么时候开始、经济发展到什么阶段时,企业萌生了这样的意识?艺术家的劳动是企业发展的必要的源泉,作为艺术家和策展人你们是如何教育这些企业家的?


李大衡:现代汽车是在2011年底特律汽车展有了这个意识的。现代汽车的副会长发布了一个新的方向,这个方向要讲一天,暂且不作详解。他思考了两年选择了我,所以我就在现代工作到现在。

 

我觉得我总是有三个客户,一个是外部的,一般的老百姓,群众;第二个是别的领域的专家;第三个是我们内部的职工。我们的任部长今天也坐在这里,他对文化艺术的造诣非常深。所有的出发点都必须是外部的专家所认可的东西,然后再去连接我们的观众和大众。

 

我再来说内部,项目开始的时候如果没有老总的强有力的支持是不可能继续推进的。但是项目成型以后,他被邀请到艺术馆和展览馆的时候,他的想法会改变。你把一个有决策权的人的家属邀请到美术馆中,让他们的子女以自己的父亲为豪,这是我的经验。 

邱志杰:教他们画画。


李大衡:更多的是金融方面。只要经历过一次就明白了,所以第一次经历很重要。刚才上面有三张图片,其实有一张没有显示出来,是我们员工的图片,我们每年会邀请5个企业高管和他们的家属到那个展览馆。现在一个艺术品的品格不是取决于资本规模,而是取决于资本的性质。


观众:我对今年的威尼斯双年展很感兴趣,我想问一个这样的问题,在我的印象中,韩国馆和德国馆挨得很近,但差别很大,德国馆得了第一名,就展了一个人的作品。韩国馆我记得从外观看是一个酒吧,做这样事件的话需要外部专家的一个大概认可,你这样做一个馆,选用这样一个酒吧的概念,是你个人的决策还是集体决策,决策出来经历了什么过程呢?考虑哪些最重要的因素呢?


李大衡:现场应该有立志要当策展人的学生。有两个不同独立的鱼缸,一个鱼缸里有一条鱼,另一个鱼缸里也有一条鱼,两个鱼缸间有一条小管子连接在一起,水是流动的,鱼是不能流动的,它们是相互独立的。每一个艺术家都有一个杀手锏,对此策展人是要保密的。作为一个团体,我们三个人,两位艺术家,团体的平衡点很重要,我既让他们了解一点,又不能了解太多。

 

我想通过展览呈现韩国的百年近代史,通过三代人呈现出来,威尼斯双年展用批判的视角把它展现出来,我自己觉得很成功。因为CNN唯一报道的就是我们韩国馆,AP通讯等等都有谈论到我们的馆。有一个欧洲的美术馆馆长跟我们这样说,这次的威尼斯双年展对于世界上所发生的事情闭上了双眼,但是韩国馆是唯一睁开眼睛的馆,而且批判了它,我希望我们的观众看两次韩国馆。

 

然后欧洲的主要的英国、法国、意大利什么的,他们这些国家排列的前五位都有我们韩国馆。大家所要批判的东西我们韩国馆体现出来了,威尼斯双年展就是一个大赌场,我们把它呈现出来了,人们叫好。现在欧洲的年轻策展人也跟我有书信上的联系,至少我可以和那些有意识的策展人通讯联络,可以得到他们的认可,我感觉很幸福。


邱志杰:我们再次感谢我们的李大衡带来的讲座,感谢。



 

 

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中央美术学院首届EAST-科技艺术季

EAST Season

201711月-12月,中央美术学院将举办首届EAST-科技艺术季(Education, Art, Science and Technology),届时将邀请来自英国、加拿大、德国、澳大利亚、荷兰以及中国两岸三地的艺术院校、美术馆、科研机构和创新企业的代表人物,在北京展开一场头脑风暴,探讨技术与创造的关系。科技艺术季持续时间约三周,内容包括两个顶级学术会议(EAST-科技艺术教育国际大会、第20届国际意识重塑国际会议)和三个工作坊(材料艺术工作坊、生物艺术工作坊、星球学院博士教学工作坊),同期将举办十几场相关主题的讲座(包括中科院院士、科幻作家、科技艺术理论家、艺术家等)。

我们的长期目标是建立一个全球性的科技艺术教育联盟,以促成艺术和科技领域中新观念的传播;科技艺术谱系的梳理与理论建构;新技术、新材料、新媒介的应用;创新工作模式的学习和推广;促成科技研究者、艺术家和艺术机构、创新型企业等诸种创新力量之间的合作与互动,联合世界各地的富于创造力和责任感的个人与机构,汇聚全球智慧,让新科技和新艺术惠泽于人类命运共同体。

 

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中央美术学院视觉艺术高精尖创新中心

CAFA Visual Art Innovation Institute

视觉艺术高精尖创新中心是北京市教委首批认定的北京高校高精尖创新中心。由中央美术学院联合国内外高校、研究机构,以视觉北京为核心,引进国际顶尖学术资源,构建国际顶尖学研产平台。融合艺术与科技,协力国家创新驱动,培养创新型高端艺术人才,打造北京世界城市金名片。

 


 

 

Tags: Museum&Web

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Child Public Education Reservation Form

I agree to the Group Visit Agreement and Statement Please agree to the Group Visit Agreement.
Submit

Adult Public Education Event Reservation Form

I agree to the Group Visit Agreement and Statement Please agree to the Group Visit Agreement.
Sumbit

Group Public Education Event Reservation Form

I agree to the Group Visit Agreement and Statement Please agree to the Group Visit Agreement.
Submit

Group Visit Agreement
and Statement

CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement

I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.

CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer

Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

Article II

Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.

Article III

Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.

Article IV

Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.

Article V

During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

Article VI

Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement

According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.

Group Visit Agreement
and Statement

CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement

I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.

CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer

Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

Article II

Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.

Article III

Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.

Article IV

Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.

Article V

During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

Article VI

Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement

According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.

Group Visit Agreement
and Statement

CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement

I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.

CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer

Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

Article II

Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.

Article III

Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.

Article IV

Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.

Article V

During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

Article VI

Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement

According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.

Event Booking Form

Name:
Gender
Phone:
Valid Certificate: Identity Card
ID Number:
Email:

Reminder:

Hello! Thank you for participating in our public education event and we are looking forward to seeing you! If you cannot attend the event on time, please send a text message to 13261936837 (Liang) to cancel the booking. Please be aware that your eligibility for using the quick booking may be affected If you cancel the booking more than three times. Thank you for your understanding!
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