重新定义策展人——论作为艺术家的策展人

内容摘要:重新思考策展人的身份,尤其是把策展人定位为艺术家,这在艺术界是很难被普遍接受的,首先一个显而易见的原因就是在艺术世界存在着各种不同的既定角色,这些角色所承担的劳动分工早已成为一种行业规范。但是对这种规范刻板的不加区分的应用可能会损害那些作为艺术家的策展人的利益,因此我们应该用一种哲学美学的方法来理解策展人的工作,重新反思定位策展人的角色,特别强调策展工作的创新性以及对艺术价值的创造。策展人对艺术品的甄选以及选择展示他们的场域这种行为本身也应该被认为是一种纯粹的艺术创作行为。而且艺术界中策展人和艺术家这两个角色逐渐交叠的现象正变得越来越普遍。

关键词:策展;策展人;劳动分工;艺术价值;艺术家




一百多年以来,策展人这一概念和意涵不断被建构和解构,“策展”所承载的内容不断被丰富,同时也为艺术世界的发展持续创造出更多的可能性。【1】本文试图从哲学和美学角度理解策展人这一角色,认识策展所具有的创新性以及对艺术价值的创造能力,同时策展人对艺术品的选择即策展行为本身也应该被认定为是一种纯粹的艺术创作行为。在准备讨论接受策展作为一种纯艺术之前,首先要简短论述一下迄今为止一直阻碍策展人成为艺术家的反对势力,即艺术界的各类人士认为,把策展人定义为艺术家的主要阻碍在于,他们所坚持保障的劳动分工和固有的行业规范。然而本文认为这种思维定势危害了那些作为艺术家的策展人。


一、将策展人定义为艺术家的主要阻碍


在1970年发表的《美学福利》(AestheticWelfare)一文中,美国著名艺术哲学家门罗·比尔兹利(MonroeBeardsley)将艺术界的一些成员认定为“艺术的辅助者”(aestheticauxiliaries)。这些角色的作用是“通过安排一些场域环境使艺术作品能够被更广泛的公众看到。”比尔兹利认识到“艺术的辅助者”区别于艺术界其他劳动成员的两个特点:辅助者具备“相关美学经验,以及具备了解如何获得美学经验的能力”。【2】对于策展人来说,他们显然在可能成为辅助者的人群中占重要比重。然而,比尔兹利最奇特的论点涉及到对展品的选择。他指出,即使一位策展人选取水管工的工具,把它陈列在画廊中并配有通常的描述性展签,那也不会使水管工成为艺术家。那么策展人呢?这会使策展人成为艺术家吗?

在这一语境下,最具有讽刺意味的是杜尚的小便池,他家喻户晓的壮举就是将一个普通的小便池陈列在画廊中。在最初展示杜尚的《泉》这一作品引起强烈反响之后,一篇评论文章匿名发表。该作品的作者被写成了RichardMutt。我们有充分的理由相信,这个评论是由杜尚和他的亲密伙伴撰写的,就像我们有充分理由相信,这件作品的作者就是杜尚本人一样。来自评论文章的以下这段话直接阐明了他的观点:“是不是莫特先生用自己的手创造的小便池这不重要。他选择了它,他选取了一个普通的生活用品并展示它,所以在新的标题和观点下它原有的用途消失了,相应的这种选取和陈列的行为赋予了这个物品新的思想。”【3】

在任何根深蒂固的专业角色分类系统中,多功能性的可能性威胁着并且受到规范性结构的威胁。为什么水管工不是电工?通常的答案似乎是因为他不专门从事电气安装和维修的工作。然而,问题如果是“水管工是否可以成为一名好电工”?似乎不是要问一个专业人员是否可以被另一个专业人员所替代,而是要问水管工是否也可以同时具有另一种专业技能。然而,我们不是欢迎这种可能性,而是经常更倾向于质疑这种可能性。

在艺术界什么资格使艺术家拥有处于艺术界顶端的地位?几乎每个人都会这样回答,艺术家专门从事具有创造性的工作这也是事实。这使得艺术家区别于批评家、策展人和收藏者,其行为受到各种实际利益和责任的制约。艺术家以创造艺术为主,并且创造一种赤裸裸的意义,把新事物推向世界,从无到有地创造出价值。艺术界的其他从业人员将处于次要地位,从事的工作在于讨论、销售和保存等意义层面。因此,大多数对策展人在艺术领域的野心的批评集中于两种参与艺术的形式之间严格整齐的劳动分工。那么证明两者交叠的方法首先就是寻找艺术家和策展人之间的功能重叠。但是,这有着意想不到的困难。一个鲜被承认的事实艺术家很少逾越这个等级被降低到策展领域。另一方面,策展人逾越这个分界线通常被认定为绝对的禁忌。

奥斯卡·王尔德在19世纪末已经提出了类似的问题,他在《作为艺术家的批评家》一文中指出:文学批评本身就是一种艺术形式。王尔德倡导艺术化批评,认为批评是一种独立的个性化创作,认为批评家应该就是艺术家,因为独立于艺术家的意图并且批评相对于创作更具有优越性。王尔德这篇散文副标题的一部分是“论无所事事的重要性”(RemarksUpontheImportanceofDoingNothing)。我之前所认定的伦理谴责在这个“无所事事”的概念中被完全体现,或者用我青睐的词语无为。把艺术作为一种无为的职业这一传统起源于柏拉图的《伊安篇》,发展到康德的无利害关系理论,它把纯艺术与所有功利主义的追求相分离,从而坚决地排除了手工艺和所有含有双重意义的行为,如排除了同时包含美学价值和使用价值的园艺。实质上,该定义是通过消减达到的,它通过规定什么不是艺术从而定义艺术。这种理论在今天仍然盛行。艺术家的作品与实用性脱节,往往被认为是理所当然的,也是基于一种长期以来的浪漫叙述以各种形式对贫穷、冲突和痛苦的赞颂,作为真实性的标记艺术家长久以来都这样和观众沟通并产生共鸣。这是艺术家和策展人在艺术史上产生区别的核心。传统意义上,艺术家被认为在努力地创作艺术品,但对“现实世界”的关注却是无为的。另一方面,策展人被认为是卓有成效的拉动艺术世界的杠杆,他们只在一件事上是无为的,那就是纯粹的艺术创作这个神圣的任务。这种分化的说法已不再适用于当下的现实,同时艺术家的边界以及策展人的边界都在重新被定义,两者的重叠之处将在第三部分着重陈述。但是,它仍然顽固地嵌入对策展工作的主导观点中。在根深蒂固的分工基础上,艺术家因生活上的无为而有名,策展人却因为艺术上的无为而被质疑。

在文章《策展人的缪斯》中,迈克尔·科瓦尔斯基从艺术史和艺术哲学的主要趋势的角度对策展人的工作进行了深入分析。他充分介绍了艺术和哲学革命对当代思想的影响,这种当代思想是,和艺术可以掌握自然的物理世界一样,艺术也可以和操纵观念与社会密切相关。即使在造型艺术领域,也不再主要与技术或一种材料的做法相关。【4】这个观察揭示了作为对象的艺术和作为观念的艺术之间特殊的紧张关系这是在过去一百年中在艺术和美学领域都持续存在的问题。科瓦尔斯基在当代策展人的工作上给这种紧张局势提供了新的战场。美学本身的作用就是使我们认识到所知的纯艺术领域中有新艺术逐渐出现。策展人能够呈现出新的艺术现象,发现新的艺术潮流,或者能从一个全新的角度切入,对既有的艺术作品、艺术现象给予新的阐释。亦或立足于新的方法论,通过展览,以新的艺术趋势推动艺术世界向前发展。从这个层面看,策展人是能通过展览、策划理念,改变人们认识当代艺术的既有观念,生成新的艺术话语,产生艺术价值。所以除了艺术世界中死板的劳动分工和“纯粹的”类别之外,还应该保留一个开放的领域,那么固有规范的制约应该在对新的创造力的压制中占据次要地位。如果我们能够接受策展人有能力赋予他人作品新的价值或创造出他们的价值这一观点,那么出于尊重,艺术品和他们所生长的环境,以及艺术世界的经典制度都应给予他们一席之地,或者至少欢迎这种多功能性的可能性发生。


二、策展人艺术价值创造的过程及体现


策展人,简单地说就是给艺术作品提供特定的语境,使其纳入到某种叙事逻辑和空间秩序中,这就形成了我们所看到的经过策划的展览。策展人一直以来都被认为在对于艺术品的呈现中扮演着极其重要的角色,他们通过提供语境,架构一种叙事,甚至可以把本身并不是艺术作品的“物品”或者“现象”变成艺术。【5】策展人创造了艺术价值,他们通过甄选艺术品并通过新的策展叙事的介入创造了艺术价值。因为甄选艺术品并将艺术作品融入各种叙事中,这是以策展人思想为前提的活动。策展的思想关乎一个展览主题,一种观看模式,一件艺术作品的定位等等对所涉及的艺术品的生命做出了真正的贡献。对艺术作品来讲,演出或展出的时间和地点对艺术作品有着变革性的影响。随着观念艺术的出现,创造意义和创造价值之间的界线已被有效地消除。在允许艺术家从事纯粹的观念性作品的同时,也应该对策展思想的地位进行重新思考。观念艺术确证其为艺术首要条件是对艺术意义的传递,同时,这种传递也被广泛认为是创造价值的保证。因此,我试图沿着这个思路探索使策展艺术具备同样条件的各种方法从简单的甄选行为到广泛的策展叙事。

纽约现代艺术博物馆(MoMA)曾因为将亨利·马蒂斯的《舞蹈(I)》这一巨作展示在楼梯拐弯处而惹起不小争议。这张举世瞩目的名作被陈列在公共服务空间,而不是陈列在马蒂斯专用的展厅里,这个空间与这幅绘画的标志性地位显然不太相称。

瓦尔特·本雅明在《机械复制时代的艺术》中提出,从19世纪开始,我们越来越习惯于集体观看绘画与我们在电影院观看电影的方式不同。【6】在楼梯拐弯处看到马蒂斯的《舞蹈(I)》给我们带来的困扰正是因为陈列的位置过于狭窄,不同于往常意义上的大型白色展厅,不同于MoMA创造的白立方的观看模式,同时正如本雅明所说的这一位置的狭窄也难以承载集体式的观看行为。博物馆的楼道通常是享受文化饕餮盛宴的冲击后稍事休息的地方,一个不受管制的通行要道,一个放松消遣的场所。马蒂斯的绘画悬挂在这个空间,允许观众中途停留,并且是一个具有多重视角,在多种速度通过时都可以观看的点,最重要的是除了“中心位置”之外的还存在许多焦点。对于今天的普通博物馆参观者来说,这已经构成一种对传统的破坏。然而对于本雅明来说,这种策展方式恢复到了前博物馆时期的个人的观看方式上,从历史上看这是在以集体观看方式参观博物馆之前的一种观看传统。换句话说,为了公然挑战现有的期待,这可能是观看《舞蹈(I)》的最佳方式。

然而,只要观众看到作品的展签,就会意识到陈列在这里又是极其恰当的。展签解释说,这幅画原是俄罗斯商人谢尔盖·史楚金(SergeiShchukin)的一幅定制作品,本来打算悬挂在他位于莫斯科的一处富丽堂皇的居所中,用来装饰楼梯的墙面。在这个层面,MoMA的选择因此而备受赞赏,因为它试图向艺术品及其过去致敬。在这个意义上,马蒂斯的绘画甚至可以说获得了根本性的复原,并且整合到观众的经验中。然而绘画出处的知识没有削弱本杰明的观点事实上,对作品历史的暗示增进了我们个人对其特殊陈列位置的个体体验。

策展工作的微妙之处就在于此,他们似乎为艺术品本身增添了层次——策展人不仅在保留艺术作品的价值,而且可以创造价值。在MoMA处理《舞蹈(I)》这幅作品时,若是想保留绘画的价值就意味着将其陈列在传统的焦点位置,正如悬挂在冬宫的同一幅绘画的最终版本一样。相反,MoMA的策展人员通过将其从一种观看模式中解脱出来,并将其置于另一种模式中,从而为这件作品增加了价值。罗伯特·斯特克在《为艺术价值辩护》一文中为艺术价值从美学价值中分离的可分离性提出了非常强有力的例证,他指出,在不用寻求和/或获得审美体验的情况下,存在很多独特的方式创造美学价值,解释性,艺术史的重要性,观念的深度等都是艺术价值的标志。【7】

选择的概念对于我们理解今天策展人的工作至关重要。对于策展人来说,对艺术的选择远远超出了对普通物品的点石成金它扩展到展示环境的选择和修改,不同艺术作品的并置,甚至篡改作品本身。因此选择的意涵同时囊括了甄选艺术品的行为以及展示他们的场域这种构建的行为:第一,策展人在艺术世界承担着选择者这一重要角色的意义在于,从大量未分化的、让我们的时代难以选择的艺术产品中挑选出代表性的作品。第二,因为任何一件艺术品在与公众接触时其本身并不包含明确的说明,这就需要外部介入进一步加以说明通过陈列、展示、表演等方式提供一种语境,架构一种叙事。策展人通过叙事成为艺术语境的创造者。当然,语境的创造离不开策展人从一个不同的视角,不同的艺术史语义介入进行新的阐释,同一件作品完全可以生成出新的艺术价值。没有策展人的阐释,就不会生成新的价值,反过来说,没有具体的艺术语境,作品的意义和价值也就是不确定的,以展览为载体,策展人也可以成为作品价值的创造者。


三、策展人与艺术家边界消失的趋势与案例


在过去的一百多年里,艺术家和艺术品的定义不断发生变化,我们对于作为艺术家意味着什么的理解已经改变,这可以毫无疑问地归功于当代策展人。策展人和艺术家的概念在现实中已经逐渐交叠起来,这种交叠是通过两种逐渐靠近的趋势实现的:策展工作已经发展到艺术创造,艺术家的作品也已经演进成涉及到某些策展的工作。

杜尚在历史上首次探究了这一重叠之处,艺术家与策展人的行为之间唯一的名义上的区别就是艺术家的“原料”并不总是其他艺术家的作品。

杜尚1938年在纽约国际超现实主义展览上的作品是1200袋煤炭装置。通过这个装置艺术硬把自己也塞进策展人的行列,令比尔兹利懊恼的是,策展这个任务是比尔兹利为艺术世界的其他成员保留下来的,因为这些艺术世界的成员从创造和保存美学价值中脱离出来。很明显,通过这样的举动,杜尚重新绘制出作为一名艺术家的界限在哪里,同样也是重新定义策展人的界限。1938年的展览是由杜尚策划的,他自称为“发电机仲裁员”(Generator-Arbitrator),当即占据了策展人和艺术家这两个角色。如果我们试想1938年的纽约国际超现实主义展览是一位专业的策展人而不是杜尚策划的,那么结果可能是完全一样的。这种等同关系对传统艺术界的劳动分工构成了重大挑战。对于摧毁这些分工的贡献在杜尚的继任者身上走得更远。正如布莱恩·奥多尔蒂(BrianODoherty)在他的著作《白立方之内》(InsidetheWhiteCube)的注释里所说的那样,杜尚的作品开始将画廊空间看作是与它所承载的艺术相关联的对象。【8】

杜尚之后不久,伊夫·克莱因彻底摆脱艺术画廊,1958年4月28日,伊夫·克莱因成为第一个将“空”引入西方艺术史的人。他在位于巴黎的IrisClert画廊将整间画廊展室腾空,并邀请观众(同时最多仅能进入十人)掀开入口蓝色的帷幕,闭上双眼穿过走道,并最终进入空旷的展室观展。克莱因的本意就是为观众提供一个视觉上完全单色(monochrome)的体验,这种做法极具开创意义地使“白立方”空间成为了展览本身的主体。之后克里斯托(Christo)将把博物馆包在用绳索固定的一层织物里。所有这一切都能够满足世界各地的策展人的幻想,为更大胆的策展脚本和可以被称为策展表达的革命铺平了道路。

2010年,MoMA的策展人克劳斯·比森巴赫(KlausBiesenbach)为行为艺术家玛丽娜·阿布拉莫维奇(MarinaAbramovic)策划举办个人回顾展。该展览包括两个部分。其中一部分是建立在对阿布拉莫维奇表演艺术作品文献的综合研究的基础上,并由一批精心挑选和受过专门训练的年轻表演艺术家来重新演绎。第二个部分是表演一场名为“艺术家在场”的新作品在三个月的展览期间,阿布拉莫维奇在博物馆向公众开放的所有时间里,都坐在MoMA中庭静止不动,随机的志愿者被允许坐在艺术家的对面,仅用眼神进行交流。MoMA这个回顾展的题目是“玛丽娜·阿布拉莫维奇:艺术家在场”。在这里策展人比森巴赫这一新的策展理念并没脱离阿布拉莫维奇自己1980年代的重要作品《海上夜航》(NightseaCrossing),并旨在向其致敬。道格拉斯·戈登的《24小时惊魂记》(24HourPsycho)是一部24小时的影
像作品,它慢放了希区柯克的电影《惊魂
记》(Psycho)(1960)。比森巴赫依托原作
的策展理念以及戈登夸张地处理了策展
介入的这一作品,向我们提出一个问题:
当艺术作品以不同的方式展示时它是否还是相同的一件作品?策展人是否给众所周知的原作中增加(或减少)了任何价值?

如果不诉诸杜尚就很难回答这些问题。尼古拉斯·波瑞奥德(NicolasBourriaud)在《后期制作:作为脚本的文化:艺术如何重组世界》一文中介绍了杜尚对作品选择与创作融合的贡献:“他声称,选择的行为足以构建其艺术创作的过程,就像编织、绘画或雕刻的行为一样:赋予一件物品新的思想就已经是创作本身了。”杜尚从而完成了对创作这一术语的定义:“创造是将一个对象引入到一个新的场景中,并将其视为叙事中的一个角色”。【9】在这种背景下,我们有理由认为,当艺术作品以不同方式展示时,它已经不是同一件作品了。策展工作保留了艺术创造力的强大要素,以至于使作品嵌入完全产生的新叙事中,策展人已经让众所周知的原作增加或减少了艺术价值,策展行为赋予艺术作品新的思想就已经是创作本身了。

在极少主义艺术家索尔·勒维特(SolLewitt)的《关于观念艺术的的句子》(SentencesonConceptualArt)一文中我们可以找到艺术家与策展人的边界交叠最为直接的表述:“单独的想法可能成为艺术作品;他们处于一个发展的链条中,最终会找到某种形式。所有的想法都不需要成为现实变成物质的存在。”【10】当哈佛大学教授策展人伊万·加斯克尔(IvanGaskell)提出“艺术作品的并置有可能产生新的意义”时,他将把这种融合的结果带到策展人的面前。【11】加斯克尔在哈佛大学任教并担任策展人时,组织过若干产生影响的实验展览。实际上,将艺术作品放在同一个房间、画廊、博物馆或目录上的这种想法,作为作品意义的载体理应被视为艺术作品价值的载体,亦即艺术作品本身。在艺术批评家大卫·卡里尔(DavidCarrier)的《回忆往昔:作为记忆剧场的艺术博物馆》(RememberingthePast:ArtMuseumsasMemoryTheaters)一文中,他通过论述将博物馆视为一个叙事,发展了加斯克尔的论点。【12】如果博物馆在讲一个故事,这个故事是否等同于这一部分艺术作品的总和,还是等同于一个不同来源和意义的总和呢?

策展人对艺术作品整个生命进程的介入实际上是两个方面。一方面,因为不同策展实践的变革性特征,他们有能力并且经常对艺术作品的蜕变负责。另一方面,策展人掌握了原始的策展叙事,通常面临的问题是需要决定马蒂斯绘画将要挂在哪里。就策展人而言,策展叙事是选择过程的自然产物。叙事的意义也恰恰正是策展人创作自己的艺术价值所在,超越甚至有时脱离策展人汇集在一起的艺术作品。

艺术品可以被看作是策展创作的原料,就像杜尚将日常物品变成艺术创作的原料一样。艺术家和策展人都可以承载“发电机仲裁员”的这一角色,通过从文明的碎片中甄选,或者从文明尚未领会如何评价的事物的力量中来创造价值。如果一位艺术家可以挑拣任何一个物品并宣称它为艺术品,那么她正在做的这件事通过特定的方式进行选择,通过自己的思想来叙事从而为这个物品和更大的世界增添了价值。在这个意义上,完全等同于策展人的工作,“艺术作品”本身并不是“艺术家”所挑拣的对象,恰恰是这种选择和叙事的行为。消解策展人和艺术家之间的距离是我们将策展作为一种不同类型的纯艺术的一个温和的开始。

当策展,即艺术作品的甄选以及将作品融入到一种策展叙事,被理解为一种纯艺术时,策展的这种创作活动与艺术家的艺术创作活动被认为有着重要的区别:在各种文献中出现频率最高的反对观点认为,策展人的策展活动受制度、伦理和经济的制约,而艺术家则不是这样。事实上制度上的制约因素现在不仅与大多数艺术家有关,而且受到大多数艺术家的欢迎。他们恰恰经常通过成功地与制度周旋,才能获得与自由主义传统相关的创造性艺术的暧昧虚饰。伦理和政治的限制在当代艺术中有时会被遗忘或颠覆,但仍然与各自作品的接受、生命力和意义相关。对于经济上的限制,艺术市场在历史上从未像现在这样如此强烈的享受艺术家们不加掩饰的示好。另一个认知上的不同之处在于策展人有更大的社会责任保护艺术,并将其用于公共教育和宣传普及。如果我们愿意免除艺术家同样的责任,那就意味着我们承认,艺术教育和使艺术崇高的因素不光是艺术家本身,也包括策展人所赋予的艺术作品新的价值的问题。事实上,当代艺术家在很大程度上是在迎合有关市场的要求,适应伦理和政治对他们的影响,甚至调节他们的工作与策展人的工作之间的紧张关系。由此策展人可以像艺术家对待等在他们作品前面的桎梏一样,创造性地与这些限制建立紧密联系。


结语


柏拉图的《伊安篇》中提到,与其他职业相比,《荷马史诗》吟诵者和诗人的艺术显然不受欢迎。他关于艺术的观点有三个层次:一是艺术不回应任何形式的规则;二是制作艺术不涉及或需要任何形式的知识;三是对艺术的评论没有实际目的。康德的无利害关系理论把艺术创作排除在实用目的之外。然而,对于策展人而言,无论怎样都必须遵守规则,必须具备专业的知识,必须回应具体的需求,同时极具实用目的性。因此,从柏拉图的《伊安篇》到康德的无利害关系理论来看,策展人都不可能成为艺术家。显然,在这里古人对艺术的假设已经不符合现实的情况,策展人和艺术家这两个角色在现实中无论是思想还是行为上的逐渐交叠已经消解了最普遍的异议。【13】




【1】  李云琦,《当代艺术策展的叙事性表达在民宿设计中的转译》,《装饰》,2018年10月,第106-107页。

【2】  MonroeBeardsley,“AestheticWelfare,AestheticJustice,andEducationalPolicy,”TheJournalofAestheticEducation7(1973),pp.49-61.


【3】  WilliamA.Camfield,“MarcelDuchamp’sFountain:ItsHistoryandAestheticsintheContextof1917,”Dada/Surrealism16(1987),pp.64-94.

【4】  MichaelJ.Kowalski,“TheCuratorialMuse,”ContemporaryAesthetics8(2010),p.20.

【5】  高远,《策展的用途及滥用:论独立策展人的祛魅和正名》,《美术观察》,2017年6月,第25页。

【6】  瓦尔特·本雅明,王才勇译,《机械复制时代的艺术》,中国城市出版社,2002年,第76-94页。

【7】  RobertStecker,“ArtisticValueDefended,”TheJournalofAestheticsandArtCriticism70(2012),pp.355-362.

【8】  BrianO’Doherty,InsidetheWhiteCube:TheIdeologyoftheGallerySpace(UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1999),p.66.

【9】  NicolasBourriaud,Postproduction:CultureasScreenplay:HowArtReprogramstheWorld(NewYork:Lukas&Sternberg,2002),pp.19-22.


【10】SolLewitt,“SentencesonConceptualArt,”Art-Language1(1969),pp.11-13.


【11】IvanGaskell,Vermeer’sWager:SpeculationsonArtHistory,TheoryandArtMuseums(London:Reaktion,2000),p.86.


【12】DavidCarrier,“RememberingthePast:ArtMuseumsMemoryTheaters,”TheJournalofAestheticsandArtCriticism61(2003),pp.61-65.

【13】RossenVentzislavov,IdleArts:ReconsideringtheCurator,TheJournalofAestheticsandArtCriticism72(2014),pp.83-92.

 

作者|郑旋(中国国家博物馆馆员)

原文发表于《世界美术》2019年01期


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CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer

Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

Article II

Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.

Article III

Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.

Article IV

Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.

Article V

During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

Article VI

Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement

According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.

Event Booking Form

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Reminder:

Hello! Thank you for participating in our public education event and we are looking forward to seeing you! If you cannot attend the event on time, please send a text message to 13261936837 (Liang) to cancel the booking. Please be aware that your eligibility for using the quick booking may be affected If you cancel the booking more than three times. Thank you for your understanding!
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