团体作为方法
中央美术学院艺术团体研究与抽样展
主办：中央美术学院美术馆
展览时间：2023年7月12日—9月3日
展览地点：中央美术学院美术馆3层展厅
“团体”，是艺术世界的一种常见工作方法，在艺术发展的早期就不断出现。一些艺术工作者以共同理念自发聚集在一起，通过集体创作和展览、研究等形式进行活动。从结果上看，这些艺术团体，可能促成了某个观念的传播与接收，可能形成了有别于个人创作的另一条艺术史叙事脉络，也可能记录了一段共同成长的友谊。此次展览即以“团体”作为切入以中央美术学院为坐标的中国美术史研究的一条线索，尝试梳理和展示中央美术学院百年发展史中各时期自组织艺术团体的文献，并抽取其中有历史代表性的若干团体作为样本进行剖析式的具体展示。展览的第一部分以90个艺术团体的文献资料为内容，展览的第二部分以1920年代以来的3组艺术团体的文献与作品为内容，包含阿博洛学会(1920年代)、四方工作室(1990年代)和N12(2000年代)。
展览的策划也采用了团体合作的方法，策展团队（高高、刘希言、李垚辰、易玥、胡晓岚、金简如、陈冠石）对艺术团体历史和现状、团体工作方法的理解各有侧重，我们将这些分散且有趣的阐述放在展厅伊始口，作为引导大家走进展览的序语。
1918-2023，中央美术学院艺术团体名称一览
高高：小范围、不定期、比较轻松随意，这是艺术团体或多或少会有的特点。这种组织方式所带来的自由氛围，是形成各种奇思妙想的构思及鲜活有趣的内容的原因之一，但同时，这种行为特点，也对追踪艺术小组的轨迹、研究艺术小组的发展面貌，带来不小的挑战。此次展览的前期研究中，我们从纸本文献或网络资源中查找信息，也通过咨询师长前辈和同学友人，最终如同“寻宝”般地收集到这90个中央美术学院艺术团体的资料。
部分艺术团体在展览现场
但由于搜索范围的局限，仍难免有所遗漏，比如，我们目前的研究主要还是集中在美院师生在校教学或学习期间自发组织的艺术团体，对于学生毕业后所组织的艺术团体等其他情况，尚未有足够了解。因此我们在展厅中的文献调研文本墙面上，留下了一些空白文本，欢迎观众与校友提供更多的相关信息，共同完善此项研究。
李垚辰：艺术团体因其结社自由、讨论创作自由的特点，可以团结志同道合者，在美术还比较弱小的时候相互的鼓励带给大家希望。抱团可以取暖，团体为美术的发展壮大发挥了重要的作用。团体还像燎原的火种，抹去历史尘埃依然有很多闪光的地方。
1918年成立的北京美术学校是中央美术学院的最早前身，既为中国国立美术专业教育的开端，也是艺术团体孕育的摇篮。自建校伊始，教师组织的中华美术协会、花阴画会到阿博洛学会再到1940年代末由徐悲鸿校长组织艺专教师成立的北平美术作家协会，有效促进了美术运动的开展。
糊涂画会的成员梁以俅、王钧初、徐振鹏、尚莫宗合影，1928年12月
胡涂画会王钧初、徐振鹏、梁以俅、明方炎、王承德合作壁画《日世界》，纸本水墨，尺寸不详，北京，1933年，此作参加了法国巴黎的《中国革命美术展览》。
同时期，学生按籍贯或爱好组织的课余小组或画会，研讨艺术，形成了学校的良好风气，在1926年林风眠执校之后达到一个高潮，学生组建了形艺社、艺光社、红叶画社、西洋画社、心琴画会、一五画社、胡涂画社、漫画社、白薇画会、青瞳会、研社等。王子云、刘开渠、李苦禅、李剑晨、李有行、雷圭元、王钧初、唐一禾等后发现来为中国美术做出重要贡献的艺专学生都曾是这些团体中的活跃骨干。不过，我们在梳理中发现，许多早期艺术团体仍研究较少，对于团体历史的梳理和研究还有很多路要走。
四方工作室成员在德国，1999年
四方工作室成员周吉荣与策展团队在四方的抽样展区看当时的作品
胡晓岚：这个展览所关注的艺术团体都是自发形成和自发组织的。也就是说，它们相对野生和天然，并非出自官方条令或是教学工作室。比如，1997年成立的“四方工作室”，它成立的动机是当时任教于中央美术学院的四位版画家对于艺术的纯粹的热爱和探索。团体背后的精神与共识是我们关注的焦点，团体成员艺术创作的生命力是打动我们的核心力量。诚然，大多数当代艺术的创作是个人化的，正如“四方工作室”的四位艺术家二十多年来走向了各自不同的艺术道路。
诚然，大多数当代艺术的创作是个人化的，正如“四方工作室”的四位艺术家二十多年来走向了各自不同的艺术道路。个人化的艺术创作和团体呈现的整体面貌之间的关系仿佛独奏与和弦。更进一步地，无论是教师团体还是学生团体，共同谱写出的是中央美术学院的艺术交响乐。
刘希言：对于艺术团体来说，组建并不是一个“开头难”的问题，有很多看似简单的原因促成了各类小组，比如共同的艺术追求、计划攒一个展览、组队参加了一个比赛、同届的同学好友等等。真正困难和有意思的部分是如何将这个可能是一时兴起的艺术团体持续下去。成员们发展道路的差异、艺术理念的分歧、组织结构的松散，是所有艺术团体在发展过程中面临的挑战，而考察他们回应挑战的诸多方式，是理解团体如何推动现代艺术发展的关键所在。
“N12”成员温凌、王光乐在“N12”抽样展区的资料墙前讨论往事
“N12”与设计师广煜在设计第二回展览画册
展览中展出的“N12”六回展览的画册
N12在发展的二十年间，有展览和出版，有反抗展览制度和回应艺术市场，也有过成员更换和暂停活动。他们以民主、投票、互助作为方法，也以连续性展览和作品媒介更新作为应变。艺术团体其实在某种程度上可看作是一位“艺术新人”，他在不断生长、不断地接受周遭的新与变，也不断磨合、不断地追问他与艺术世界的相互关系。
“研社”画展时的成员合影，1947年
，“女画家的世界“第一回展览现场合影，1990年
“N12”成员合影，2006年
“YCEA青年实验艺术小组”合影
金简如：团体是一种方法，之于创作如此，之于朋辈的情感、乃至生涯的扶持，亦如此。多年来，中央美术学院出现了众多艺术团体，它们或受前辈影响，或纯然自发，自我组织起来，并以团体的名义进行创作、展览。尽管这些团体的存在多是一时的，但是小组成员之间的情感联结以及长期的帮助与扶持，往往是长期的，甚至延及一生的。在调研文本文献和抽样采访详述中，可看到许多“团体”之于个体的长期影响与帮助。
“N12”展区内展出的马延红作品（图中左侧两幅），是她所画的“N12”其他成员肖像
这其中，有多少关于创作的互惠与影响，便同时有多少关于友谊与情感的相互扶持。从这一点来看，艺术团体不仅是一种短期的组织，而转换成了具有人性温度的方法。
在展厅的美院艺术团体调研文献区，有六个因大赛而组建的艺术团体资料
首届“中央美术学院未来艺术家奖”入围方案小组“回环”的入围作品效果图，2023年
第五届“策展人的诞生”大赛获奖团体“热心市民组”的入选展览《借“境”观形：以花家地捕捉理想城市的轮廓》现场，2023年
陈冠石：近年来，参加大学竞赛是学生团体涌现的高峰期，也是很多艺术团体的萌芽期。他们由比赛的推动而自行组成，因认同感和归属感而集合，相互提供支持，在参赛过程中亦可获得学者的指教，积累相关的知识和技能，并最终以达成团体自身的目标。在展览中的艺术团体的调研文本中，特别呈现了美院有一定代表性的“未来艺术家奖”与“策展人的诞生”两个大赛的获奖团体，通过观察此类因比赛而紧密联系在一起的团体，来侧面勾勒美院年轻团体的“形状”是什么，并以此思考一个艺术团体最初是如何开始的。
易玥：相较于历史上的艺术团体，最近十年的新兴艺术团体正在多维度地对共同工作机制发起讨论，并借由丰富的艺术创作与内容生产将其付诸实践。若探寻这些新兴团体因何而聚，或许各有原因，但时代浪潮是其助力之一。当下的艺术发展愈发要求创作者拥有跨学科的视野与方法，在此趋势下的青年艺术家们迫切地希望找到具有多元知识结构与不同学科背景的同道进行艺术生产。
艺术科技团体“某集体ART+TECH”，在其调研文献本前的合影
与此同时，互联网对时代的改变巨大，技术革新推动了艺术创作的媒介与方法的更迭，“开源”与“共创”成为依托于网络世界的艺术作品的关键词，自然也催生了一批以此精神而共同工作的艺术团体。这些团体或深入屏幕背后进行创作，或在网络媒体平台推出具有鲜明特征的内容，并同时收获了线上与线下的高关注度。当我们问:为什么要以团体方式来做艺术?其中一个答案肯定是:因为这本就是团体才能完成的事情。
策展团队在布展现场
如上文所言，这个展览对中央美术学院艺术团体的调研工作仍有遗漏。自展览开幕之际，已有许多研究者和校友向我们提供了更多的资料。在展厅调研文本展示区的末尾，我们附上了下面这块资料征集白板，期望有更多关注展览的朋友提供资料至：
cafaartgroups@126.com。
展览信息：
团体作为方法
中央美术学院艺术团体研究与抽样展
展览时间：2023年7月12日—9月3日
展览地点：中央美术学院美术馆3层展厅
主办：中央美术学院美术馆
学术主持：邱志杰
展览总监：张子康、韩文超
展览统筹：王春辰
策展团队：高高、刘希言、李垚辰、易玥、胡晓岚、金简如、陈冠石
策展助理：王若冰、李樱妮、王新言、张潭、夏冉
设计团队：纪玉洁、闵志伊、刘宇晗、赵鑫鑫
展览管理：吴鹏、马亮、宿世存、荆鹏
藏品管理：王春玲、崔然然、徐研、窦天炜、梅琦
媒体宣传：何一沙、吴靖、贺伊飞、马方可
官网文宣：王静
智识中心：肖宝珍
公共教育：任蕊、姚轶群、梁雯、王军
财经事务：杨柳、门婧、寇蕾
行政支持：蒋思妤、岳君瑶、张倩
后勤安保：孙炜、陈小华、吕智发
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The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
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Use in perpetuity.
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The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
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CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
