文化和旅游部“2023年度国家美术作品收藏和捐赠奖励项目”
心中的国际歌
——闻立鹏绘画中的纪念碑意象
主办:中央美术学院
承办:中央美术学院美术馆 中央美术学院油画系
展览时间:2023年10月24日–11月19日
展览地点:中央美术学院美术馆2层B展厅
前 言
策展人:李垚辰、高高
中央美术学院美术馆一直以学术立馆,注重美术馆的高质量收藏、高水平利用,长期致力于推动美术馆工作与美术发展、美术史研究的互促关系,收藏、研究和挖掘经典作品是美术馆工作中的一个重点。
闻立鹏先生是中央美术学院的首批杰出教授,也是2018年致信习近平总书记的中央美术学院八位老教授之一,在油画领域作出了重要贡献。闻立鹏先生有着特殊的家庭背景和不凡的人生经历,为人正直,为艺严谨。他早年参加革命,后毕业于中央美术学院的油画系,并长期在油画系任教,对于中国美术尤其是中国油画的发展有着很强的历史责任感和担当,不仅勤于绘画创作,还积极组织学术活动,撰写学术文章。改革开放之初,他担任油画系主任期间,顶着压力创办了油画系第四工作室,组织筹办了“黄山会议”、首届“中国油画展”、“全国高等艺术院校油画教学座谈会”等全国性的会议和展示活动。1990年代中期之后,参与创办和组织中国油画学会的一系列活动,极大的促进了中国油画的发展。
闻立鹏先生的油画《国际歌》(又名:英特纳雄耐尔一定要实现)创作于1963年,是他在油画研究班的毕业创作,这件作品一经面世就引起了轰动,成为那个时代重要的历史画创作之一。作品中用象征性绘画语言描绘了烈士英勇就义前的集体群像,如群山一般雄伟,屹立于红日之下。独特的构图和色彩语言准确地表达了歌曲《国际歌》的意境,带给观者视觉的震撼,对于英雄的敬意也油然而生。作品中所塑造的英雄形象具体而又凝练,成为一代人心中英雄形象的经典。
2022年,闻立鹏先生决定将一直保存在身边的油画《国际歌》相关创作画稿168件全部捐赠母校,由中央美术学院美术馆永久收藏,本项目得到了文化和旅游部的资助,入选了“2023年度国家美术作品收藏和捐赠奖励项目”。抚摸这些尘封的画稿,跨越历史的时空,我们可以体会闻立鹏先生在创作《国际歌》时的心路历程。2023年是歌曲《国际歌》创作135周年、中文版发表100周年,是中央美术学院油画研究班毕业60周年。由此,美术馆专题策划此次“心中的国际歌——闻立鹏绘画中的纪念碑意象”展览。本次展览是个案研究展览,既是一件经典作品的个案研究,也是一个艺术家的个案研究。美术馆以油画《国际歌》的创作为起点,梳理闻立鹏先生六十余年艺术创作的心路历程,细心寻找作品之间的内在联系,展现作品背后统一的精神内涵——对于崇高美的追求,一种纪念碑的意象。同时展览还试图探讨经典艺术作品与特殊历史语境之间的相互关系,希望本次展览的独特视角和历史眼光能够激发学术的思考,使美术馆真正成为思想汇聚之地。
闻立鹏先生为代表的美院老一辈艺术家是美术学院的重要的财富。他们创作于不同历史时期的重要艺术经典是美术史的见证,也是艺术家探索艺术规律的重要成果,给我们以重要的启示。我们衷心祝愿闻立鹏先生艺术之树常青!也希望更多艺术青年能够在此获得美的享受,收获有温度、有态度的精神食粮,吸取借鉴前辈的经验,在艺术上探索出自己的广阔道路。
油画《国际歌》是闻立鹏1963年油画研究班的毕业创作。这幅作品最初名为《英特纳雄耐尔一定要实现》,酝酿了近7年的时间,实现了闻立鹏多年的创作心愿。
这件作品的构思最早可以追溯到1957年准备完成的本科毕业创作《闻一多》(未成型)以及学长罗广斌所写的《红岩》,中间经历了中国革命博物馆历史画创作中国画《血债》的大胆尝试,之后在油画研究生班老师罗工柳的鼓励下,闻立鹏内心那些已经积聚多年,对于英雄的崇敬之情迸发了出来,他在思考英雄崇高之美与油画形式、笔墨语言之间的意象联系中,投入了巨大的工作量,不断的推敲,不断的凝炼,形成了这幅似群山、似巨碑一样的油画烈士群像,使观者为之一振,深深地为烈士的气概所打动。
也正是在这幅作品的实践中,闻立鹏逐渐的摸索出之后影响自己一生的创作方法——动情、凝意、炼形,纪念碑的意象也从此确立,不断地出现在闻立鹏之后的创作之中。
1963年油研班同学合影(二排左六为闻立鹏)
国际歌 1963年 243×199cm 布面油彩 中央美术学院美术馆藏
1959年3月18日 ,罗广斌致闻立鹏信。信中提到希望闻立鹏为正在撰写的“中美合作所”的英烈事迹(后出版时名为《红岩》)创作插图
我查阅了《革命烈士诗抄》、《红旗飘飘》等有关书籍、回忆录、文学作品。学习王式廓先生的创作方法,设计、研究每个人物的身世、经历、性格、个性,首先确定了主题是通过刑场临刑前的瞬间,以劲风、乌云、荒草、铁丝网作为典型环境,表现七位不同身份、不同性格烈士英勇无畏的气概。
——闻立鹏
《长夜图》(血债)1959年 宣纸水墨 164X240cm 中国国家博物馆藏
《长夜图》画稿05 1959年 58×76cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《长夜图》草图009 1959,28×43cm 纸板油彩 中央美术学院美术馆藏
一天我小心翼翼地从莲花峰千尺幢陡直的险道走下山来,猛抬头仰望,扑面而来的是巨大的立马峰,雄壮、宏伟、厚重、豪迈,不仅给人以强烈的视觉冲击,并且有一种震憾心灵的感受。这比我画《血债》时在八大处仰望山石的感受更强烈更深沉,于是,我改横幅构图为立幅,摒弃铁丝网等环境道具,像一座挺立的石碑,把七位烈士顶天立地集中压缩在构图之中,找到了《囯际歌》的基本意象。
——闻立鹏
《国际歌》素材17 1963年 12×8.5cm 纸本水彩 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》素材黄山小景之二 1963年 19×21cm 纸本水彩 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》小稿04 1962年 26×19cm 纸板油彩 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》小稿03 1962年 30×27.1cm 纸板油彩 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《长夜图》人物造型032 1959年 18.5×18.5cm 纸本水墨 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《长夜图》人物素描060 1959年 78.5×54.5cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型74老教授 1963年 41×32cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《长夜图》人物造型015 1959年 21×15.5cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型83 1963年 36.1×27.1cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型004 1962年 39×31.1cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《血债》笔记:
“林样谦倔犟、大无畏、勇猛、对敌人们刻骨仇恨,‘牛虻’式的,当然,他比牛虻更富有思想,有更加崇高的理想。而且是中国式的‘牛虻’。
牛一样的性格。肌肉结实得像铜刻的。深紫色皮肤。在画面上最突出的人物,是斗争中最勇敢善战的先锋。永远是打前阵的,但并不粗鲁。应该是牛一样,是经受三座大山压迫着的工人阶级的典型,因此应该是年岁稍大一些,正在35岁左右。
现在画的壮是够了,但是运动员,而不是真正经历了艰苦劳动的人民。由于長年的非人劳动,背都被压弯了,背,結结实实,背得动一座大山的背。一双能创造世界的手。
你们杀了我一人,/好比明灯暂被狂风吹,/革命少了我一人/,好比大海丢了一滴水,/白旗倒了红旗飘,/老子生死在这回,/走上前来不下跪/,贼子们,睁开眼睛看爷爷!”
你们有今天,我们有明天。五年以后再见,因为你们活不了五年了!
革命的乐观主义,是真正的革命英雄主义,建筑在真正的觉悟和对于自己理想的坚定不移的信念上面。因此才有可能在这生命的最后时刻发出胜利的蔑视敌人的冷笑。
不是哭,也不是嚷,也不是简单的愤怒,而是笑,这才不是一般人所能够做到的。”
于是我借鉴《红旗谱》电影中崔巍塑造的朱老钟等形象,以油画语言创造出了工人的形象。
——闻立鹏
《长夜图》人物素描065戴手铐脚镣的男子1959年 101×53cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》头缚白巾工人立像1963年 137.3×78.3cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》工人全身像 1963年 212.5×78cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《长夜图》人物素描069 戴红军帽的老干部 1959年 101×79cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型57 1963年 38.1×30.7cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型81 1963年 60.2×44cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
少年革命者的原型,是少共领导人欧阳立安,十六、七岁“立安穿着件蓝线布棉袍,脚下穿一双黑皮鞋,一头不驯服的头发,在法庭上:我筋骨变成灰,也是百分之百的共产主义者,我为主义,为人民,死而无怨!”他那充满仇恨而坚毅的表情,是取自我小儿子幼年的一幅照片,为没有满足要求而满脸怒气的表情,恰到好处的移植到画面形象中。
——闻立鹏
《长夜图》人物造型029 1959年 16×13cm 纸本水墨 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型55 1962年 36.9×29.7cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型77 1963年 37×30.7cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
为了创作女青年的艺术形象,我以心目中刘胡兰作为依据,同时也有和丈夫同时被捕牺牲的广东女孩陈铁军的影子,“他俩态度从容,沿路高喊革命口号,高唱国际歌,感动得许多同志掩面哭泣。在刑场上,就义前几分钟他们向群众作了演说:现在,当我们把青春的生命献给党的时候,我向大家宣布,我们就要举行婚礼了,让反动派的枪声做婚礼的礼炮吧!同志们,永别了,愿你们永远战斗,未来是属于我们的!”于是我注意在周围女同学中寻找形象的参考,那时,我们画室对面就是版画系教室,女同学周秀芬每天出出进进,我发现她的粗眉大眼齐眉短发似乎很合我想象中的形象,于是我注意观察,并默写下她的头像,最后塑造出画面中七位烈士之一的女青年形象。
——闻立鹏
《长夜图》人物造型010 1959年36×20.5cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型12 1962年 39×31cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型11 1963年 37.5×29cm纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
关于同她一起的男青年知识分子形象,可以说是近水楼台,我的同班好友画家武永年,面目清秀,肤色泛白,骨格分明,下巴两侧泛出一点胳腮胡,正是典型的知识分子文人形象,我也默写他肖像,成为人物形象的部分依据。
——闻立鹏
《长夜图》人物造型049(青年之四)1959年 39×27cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型18 1963年 44×32cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型72 1963年 39×28cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《长夜图》人物造型074男女青年1959年 107.7×78.6cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型23(双人像)1963年 52×45cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
《国际歌》人物造型70 1963年 63×62cm 纸本炭笔 中央美术学院美术馆藏
艺术家简介
闻立鹏
1931年10月出生于湖北浠水
1963年毕业于中央美术学院油画研究班
1978年至1983年任中央美术学院油画系副主任
1983年至1991年任中央美术学院油画系主任
1993年起获国务院特殊津贴
现为中央美术学院教授、中国国家画院油画院顾问、研究员。曾任中国美协油画艺委会副主任、中国油画学会副主席。
文化和旅游部“2023年度国家美术作品收藏和捐赠奖励项目”
心中的国际歌——闻立鹏绘画中的纪念碑意象
主办:中央美术学院
承办:中央美术学院美术馆 中央美术学院油画系
展览时间:2023年10月24日–11月19日
展览地点:中央美术学院美术馆2层B展厅
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I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.