作为20世纪中国美术教育体系中最为重要的高等美术院校，中央美术学院在中国的具象油画发展历程中具有重要的地位，在不同的历史时期，中央美术学院许多著名油画家创作了具有鲜明时代感的代表作品，反映了中国社会的变革发展和时代文化主潮。研究具象油画与中国社会发展的密切关联，以及它在20世纪的发展变化，是一个意义深远的学术课题。
中华艺术宫今年设立了年度品牌专题性大展“同行——2015美术馆联合大展”项目，旨在联合国内外著名策展团队，诚邀美术馆界同仁共同策划大型展示活动。作为“同行——2015美术馆联合大展”的重要组成部分，中华艺术宫邀请中央美术学院策划一个具有学术深度和历史高度的大型展览，并希冀以展览的方式开启未来持续的深度合作。
“历史的温度：中央美术学院与中国具象油画”大展就是在这样的背景下形成的。此次大展的基本宗旨是：研究历史，继承传统，关注当代，放眼未来，展现中央美术学院在20世纪中国美术发展和“央美油画学派”的建立中所具有的历史担当。
参加开幕式的嘉宾有中国美术学院院长许江，中国美术家协会分党组副书记、秘书长徐里，中国美术馆副馆长谢小凡等，京沪两地油画界钟涵、邵大箴、杜键、袁运生、闻立鹏、孙景波、孙为民、戴士和、俞晓夫、邱瑞敏、徐芒耀等纷纷莅临并参加学术研讨会。
本次展览以中央美术学院收藏的20世纪具象油画珍品为主体，以及中国美术馆、徐悲鸿纪念馆、中华艺术宫等机构和艺术家的藏品，共计300余件。中央美术学院院长范迪安指出：“油画西传而来，成为现代中国一道新的艺术与视觉文化的风景线。中国油画百年来的发展历程十分鲜明地彰显了几代油画艺术家的文化理想，在引进、普及与传播的同时，注入了中国油画家的文化追求，使油画不仅成为丰富中国美术构成的新的类型，更成为反映社会现实、彰显文化精神的载体。从‘油画’到‘中国油画’，既在时间上穿越了世纪的长河，更在精神内涵上体现出中国文化借鉴、吸收、融合外来文化的强大的生命力。在中国油画的百年历程之中，中央美术学院——包括她的前身国立北平艺专和延安鲁艺——在油画的研究、创作和教学上占有代表性的位置。穿越历史的帷幕，理性地梳理中央美术学院这所艺术学府与中国油画的关联，展示中央美术学院几代油画家所作出的贡献，有利于对油画在中国的发展历程形成更透彻的认识，在今天新的文化条件下弘扬优秀的艺术传统，推动中国油画和中国美术新的发展。”上海中华艺术宫馆长施大畏先生强调认为：“《历史的温度：中央美术学院与中国具象油画》是一次前所未有的梳理和总结。可以想见，因由这个展览而产生的深远意义和影响将不仅仅是学术上的，还是文化上和精神上的……因研生展，以展促研，展研结合，以此推动国内外馆际联动，建设聚集国际美术馆资源的机制与平台，以国际的视野审视中国，以中国的立场评判世界，寻求真正的文化自觉和自信。”展览主题采用“具象油画”来替代常用的“写实性油画”的表述方式，策展人殷双喜先生解释道：“新世纪以来，中国油画的发展十分迅速，面貌多样，传统的‘写实性油画’的概念外延有了很大的扩展，出现了象征性、超写实、超现实等油画样态，给中国油画的观察与研究带来了新的语境和难度，以‘具象绘画’来表述，更具有包容性和学术上的探索性。”
此展是对20世纪中国写实性油画的一次系统性梳理， 共分为六个部分展出，分别是：
1、 新学启蒙（1900—1949）
2、 国家叙事（1949—1976）
3、 本体精研（1977—1999）
4、 当代关切（2000—2014）
5、 中央美术学院藏外国具象油画原作及研摹作品
6、 写生与素描
1、“新学启蒙”以清末民初难得一见的老油画、存世数量稀少的玻璃画为起始，展出40余件20世纪前半叶的珍贵油画，其中包括留日归国的李叔同近年来刚刚发现的《半裸女像》，第一位留英归国的李毅士《陈师曾像》、《王梦白像》，第一位留法归国的吴法鼎《旗装女人像》，以及其他众多20世纪初留学欧美习西画归国并先后任教于中央美术学院前身“国立北平艺专”的重要油画家林风眠、卫天霖、王临乙、常书鸿、厐薰琹、徐悲鸿、吴作人、肖淑芳等的油画精品，还有孙宗慰、齐振杞、艾中信、李宗津、冯法祀等早期重要油画家的作品。从中可以看到西方写实油画与中国传统文化和现实相遇后早期中国油画的演进轨迹。
2、“国家叙事”以中央美术学院新中国成立以来积极推进的新中国美术的社会主义现实主义艺术，尤其以国家重大历史题材为主体，构建新中国的历史叙事和集体记忆。这种国家叙事，不仅包括革命历史题材，也包括英雄形象的塑造、社会主义劳动建设、普通人民的日常生活等各个方面，油画也在中国美术的诸种形态中被赋予了展现大国气象，塑造民族精神的重要使命。
新中国以来，中央美术学院的油画创作以反映现实生活的写实主义为主体，沿着中西融合的道路发展，以马克西莫夫油画训练班（马训班）、罗工柳油画研究班（油研班）的教学和主题性创作最为突出，在油画教育正规化，向外来油画学习的进程中，积极探索中国油画的特色，涌现了一大批新中国美术发展进程中的代表性作品。此次展览以收藏在中国国家博物馆、中国人民军事博物馆的革命历史画创作文献资料为背景，重点展出胡一川、王式廓、董希文、高虹、蔡亮、侯一民、詹建俊、孙滋溪、吴冠中、许幸之、韦启美、罗工柳、李天祥、赵友萍、林岗、厐壔、俞云阶、何孔德、杜键、闻立鹏、马常利、袁运生等的作品。
3、“本体精研”展现了改革开放新时期中央美院油画教学和研究新的起点，其中靳尚谊1984年创作的青年时代的彭丽媛肖像《青年歌手》，既是老院长的代表作之一，也是八十年代初兴起的“新古典主义”的重要代表。此版块中还有陈丹青、孙景波、朝戈、杨飞云、王沂东、孙为民、丁一林、申玲、王玉平、毛焰、赵半荻、周向林、陈文骥、马堡中、夏俊娜等人的作品，这些作品反映了改革开放对中国艺术产生的重大影响。
4、“当代关切”展出的作品，既有中央美术学院著名老教授，如钟涵、林岗、戴士和等的创新之作，也有油画系、壁画系、版画系、基础部、附中的中青年教师如马路、苏新平、刘小东、喻红、张路江、陆亮等的代表性作品，还有中央美院历年毕业生、油画高研班学员如王浩、忻东旺、闫平、何汶玦等的作品。这些作品的形式语言和表现技法非常多样，展示了当代油画家广阔的文化视野和对当代社会深切的人文关怀，对当代中国的复杂现实和人的心理状态作出了丰富的表现。
5、“中央美术学院藏外国具象油画原作及研摹作品”
百年来中国油画向西方借鉴学习的过程中，直面西方油画的欣赏和临摹成为中国油画家宝贵的艺术体验。作为油画教学研究的重要方法，中央美术学院的教师历年来踏访国内外众多博物馆和美术机构，在饱览名作的同时，也临摹了许多西方以及前苏联具象油画的代表作。比较重要的有1950年代留学苏联的教师与学生在特列恰柯夫画廊、列宾美术学院的临摹，1980年代在北京对若干重要的外国美术展览如《法国十九世纪农村风景画展》（1978）、《哈默藏画500年名作原作展》（1982）等展览的作品临摹。此次展出的都是中国著名油画家对西方油画大师如达芬奇、提香、伦勃朗、哈尔斯、席里柯、安格尔、达维特、拉图尔、夏尔丹、柯罗、毕沙罗、雷诺阿、德加、塞尚、列宾、苏里科夫、弗鲁贝尔等经典之作的临摹。通过对经典艺术的认真研究和临摹，中央美术学院教师对欧洲古典主义、法国印象主义、苏联写实绘画等获得了珍贵的视觉感受与技法体会，这些视觉经验潜移默化地影响了中央美术学院的油画教学和创作。观众可以从中见出外国油画艺术对中国油画的多样化影响，也可以见出中央美术学院油画家以临摹的方式对西方油画精髓的深入探索与研究。
6、“写生与素描”展出的20多幅作品主要是中央美术学院历年来的教师与学生的素描写生，既有前期的课堂作业，也有为创作而收集的形象，还有少量是在写生基础上进行的创造性构图。这些作品有助于观众深入感受和理解中央美术学院深厚的具象油画基础，也反映了师生对素描与创作关系的高度重视和独特理解，生动地阐释了“写生”与“写实”的观念。具象油画的魅力正是建立在写生的基础之上而又融入了画家的独特才情与主观表现。
中央美术学院充分利用本院的人才优势，研究与工作团队紧密围绕展出的作品，辅以大量相关的重要文献、背景资料及历史图片，以期向学术界及社会公众传达更多的作品信息。
可以毫不夸张地说，此次展览是中央美术学院建院以来第一次如此大规模地将院藏精品面对社会公众进行系统展示，其中绝大多数作品不仅是首次离京赴沪展出，而且是首次公开展出，其中尤以“徐悲鸿及北平艺专的名师”作品、“马训班”师生作品、“油研班”师生作品、“董希文及其董希文工作室”作品、“靳尚谊及新古典主义名家”作品、“中央美术学院藏外国具象油画原作及研摹作品”等众多团块为代表。即使是中央美术学院的师生，也难得有机会一次性饱览这些建构了20世纪中国美术历史篇章的精品力作。
展览由中国两大重要学术机构——中央美术学院，中华艺术宫联合主办，这两个分属不同领域的标杆性学术机构各自发挥自己的机构专长并通力合作，显示了两家机构对此次展览的高度重视。中央美术学院院长范迪安先生，中华艺术宫馆长施大畏先生共同担任展览顾问；著名学者、批评家、中央美学术学院教授殷双喜先生担任策展人，策展团队包括两个机构的工作骨干；上海中华艺术宫专门辟出5个展览大厅共计2000多平方米的巨大空间容纳展览，两家机构的设计骨干全部投入到展场的设计制作中。展览的主形象色采用桔红色，既揭示和暗喻了展览的主标题：“历史的温度”，又象征和传达了两家机构精诚合作的饱满情绪。再加上展期长达3个多月，从2015年4月30日-8月2日对社会公众免费开放。之后，此展将移师到中国多个重要城市的美术馆、进行全国巡展。目前已经确定的巡展美术馆分别为：南京金陵美术馆、广东美术馆、山东美术馆、青岛美术馆、湖北美术馆、宁波美术馆、石家庄美术馆等，最后一站将在中央美术学院美术馆展出。
策展人殷双喜先生认为：“此展是对20世纪中国写实性油画的一次系统性梳理，从学术的高度研究这些作品发展变化的脉络，不仅对于当代学院美术教育具有重要意义，对于当代油画创作和社会公众的审美教育，也有很大的现实意义。这表明，艺术史是活着的历史，在后人以新的角度进行观察和深入研究的过程中，艺术获得了持续的生命力，从而与当代人建立起新的精神联系，使艺术史成为有温度的历史。”
2015年4月
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历史的温度：中央美术学院与中国具象油画
The Temperature of History：CAFA and Chinese Representational Oil Paintings
展览顾问：范迪安、施大畏
展览总监：唐斌 杨奇
策展人：殷双喜
策展助理：郭红梅、李垚辰、李凝、葛颐
主 办: 中央美术学院 中华艺术宫
开幕时间: 2015/04/29 10:00
开幕地点: 中华艺术宫 艺术剧场
展览时间: 2015/04/30 — 2015/08/02
展览地点: 中华艺术宫 0米层第20、21号展厅，5米层第25、26、27展厅
中华艺术宫开放时间_10:00—18:00（17:00停止入馆,周一闭馆）
地址_中国上海市浦东新区上南路205号电话_021-20202010展览免费入场
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CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
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Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
